BBN3402SATU2020: MINGGU5 JADUAL CLEAN

 

MINGGU 5 – TERJEMAHAN JADUAL

NURUL FARISYA SYADIRA BINTI NORAZIZAN                NURHANI HASYA BINTI SHAHRIZAN

   196269                                                                             197773

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS THEORY (VANDIJK, 1977)

Macro Structure The global meaning of a text that can be observed from the topic / theme of a text

Superstructure Frame of a text such as introduction part, body  and conclusions

Micro Structure The meaning of the locality of a text can be identified From the choice of words, phrases and a language style used by a text.

 

Figure 1: Critical Discourse Analysis Theory by vanDijk (1977)

 

	Critical Discourse Analysis Theory (Fairclough, 1995)
Textual Analysis	Practical Discourse Analysis	Practical Social Analysis
Grammar ·      Theme Lexical ·      Metaphor   Cohesion ·      Repetition ·      Conjunctions	Intertectuality • Pre-assumptions • Metawacana • Disclaimer   Interdiscussion • Narrative • Debate • Expositories • Expressive	Economics Education Politics

 

Figure 2: Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis by Fairclough (1995)

 

 

DECISION	STRATEGY
Bald on-record   Example: Ready! Listen here…. Give me that big basket. The light is green color. Please come in. Have some food.	Kesopanan Positif   Example: You look sad. Can I help? Can I borrow one hundred ringgit? I'll follow you to the hospital, if you don't mind.
Negative politeness   Maybe he took the box, maybe! Please give me the white plate. If that so, a little instruction is not needed? Throwing empty bottles everywhere is not allowed.	Off-record   Wow, it's getting cold in this room. The price of shoes here is really expensive. Your clothes are beautiful.

 

Figure 3: Politeness Strategies by Brown & Levinson (1987)

 

 

	Discourse Analysis          (Normaliza Abd	Approach Rahim, 2018b)
PRE-ASSUMPTION 1. Intuition 2. Context   • Acceptance / Disclaimer • Requirements • References • Anaphora • Repetition • Ambiguity • Emphasis	EMOTION 1. Positive 2. Negative 3. Mixed Emotions   • Behavior • Personality • Mood •Motivation	VALUES AND CULTURE 1. Self 2. Society 3. Custom   • Honest, sincere, kind, loving, hardworking, grateful, simplicity • Self-reliance, high self-esteem, courage, physical and mental hygiene, politeness • Respect, cooperation, community spirit • Justice, freedom, rationality	LANGUAGE 1. First language / second / third 2. Formal / informal 3. Language errors 4. Linguistics	INFERENCE 1. Overall summary 2. Discussion topic summary 3. Closing words

Figure 4: Discourse Analysis Approach Normaliza Abd Rahim (2018b)

 

Discourse Analysis Theory (Normaliza Abd Rahim, 2018d)
Content 1. Theme	Context 1. Grammar 2. Background 3. Emotions	Assumptions 1. Opinion 2. References 3. Problems

                                                                    Figure 5: Theory of Discourse Analysis

 

 

Table 2: Context in Social Values Storytelling Model Through Children’s Stories

Tittle                           Grammar                                     Background                        Emotion

Family             Use of words and sentences           Mother’s house and              Happy, missed

simple and suitable for all                 Father

including special children                

Self                  Use of words and sentences           Inside and outside                    Happy

           simple and suitable for all                 the house, school            

                       including special children

I’m a                Use of words and sentences           Inside and outside                    Feeling down, sad,

Special one    simple and suitable for all                 the house, school                     Sympathy

                       including special children

I know             Use of words and sentences           Inside and outside                    Feeling down, sad,

           simple and suitable for all                 the house, school                     sympathy          

           including special children

I                       Use of words and sentences           House, school,                 Happy,

Understand    simple and suitable for all                 or public place                    sympathy,

           including special children                                                            care

 

Table 3: Content in Social Stories

Tittle                  Texts             Theme                  Sample/ Material                             Type

Grandmother    Short                  Family                Grandmother, grandfather,                                                   Storytelling    

 and                  story                                          mother, father, Imran, Madinah,

grandfather                                                       Aisyah, Alim

I’m a                 Short                  Family                Grandmother, grandfather,                                                   Storytelling    

special              story                                          mother, father, Imran, Madinah,

one                                                                   Aisyah, Alim

Family               Short                Family                 Mother, father, Imran, Madinah,    Storytelling

                          story                                         Aisyah, Alim          

 Heart                Short                Family                 Mother, Teacher, Alim,               Storytelling

                           story                                          friends

 Neighbour        Short               Family                 Mother, Madinah, Imran             Storytelling

                        story                                         Aisyah, Sulaiman, Alim

Table 4: Context in Social Stories

Tittle                Grammar                                              Background              Emotion

Grandmother   The use of words and sentences that  Grandparents’             Happy, longing,          

and                  easy and suitable for all                         village                        sad, angry, confused, 

Grandfather     including special children                                                        satisfied

I’m a                The use of words and sentences that  Mother and                 Happy, satisfied,         

Special            easy and suitable for all                       father’s house             sad     

one                  including special children

Family             The use of words and sentences that  Mother and                  Happy, restless

                        easy and suitable for all                       father’s house 

                        including special children

Heart               The use of words and sentences that  School, house,             Happy

                        easy and suitable for all                       neighbour       

                        including special children

Neighbour        The use of words and sentences that  Mother and                  Happy, Sympathy

                        easy and suitable for all                       father’s house              care, sad

                        including special children

 

Table 5: List of Social Values ​​in Social Stories

Story tittle                 Social values

Grandma and                         Grandpa Loving, caring, rational, responsible, sincere, honest

kind, family person, patient

I am special                Kind, sincere, helpful, caring, responsible

My family                    Kind, patient, helpful, sincere, caring, hardworking, diligent,

responsibility, rational

Heart                           Kind, loving, caring, sincere, honest, sharing, accepting

Love, respect respect, diligence

Neighbors                  Kind, responsible, loving, rational, caring, sincere,

honest, confident, neighborhood

 

 

 

 

            Communication Strategy Taxonomy by Dornyei & Scott (1977)

Avoidance or Reduction Strategies

1. Ignoring / Leaving messages

2. Topic avoidance

Achievement or Compensory Strategies

3. Paraphrase (Circumlocution)

4. Approaches

5. Use of all purposes

6. Create a new level (Word-coinage)

7. Restructuring / Use of non-language methods (non-use

    Linguistics means)

8. Literal translation

9. Internationalization

10. Code exchange

11. Asking-- for help, explanation, confirmation or guess making /

      Asking for help to stop

 Stalling or Time-gaining Strategies

12. Use of meaninglessly words / Use of fillers / marker strategies

       (hesitation devices)

Figure 7: Communication Strategy Taxonomy by Donyei & Scott (1977)

 

 

COCLUSION

Table 6: Communication Strategies

                            Communication Strategies                                                                          Frequency

1 Abbreviation                                                                                                             15

2 New words have no meaning                                                                                   4

3 Disclaimer / Conflict                                                                                                  10

4 Questions--                                                                                                              6

5 Repetition                                                                                                                 8

6 References                                                                                                               13

7 Self-correction                                                                                                          5

8 Different topics / message neglect                                                                           4

9 Intervals                                                                                                                   8

10 Suspension                                                                                                              6

11 Literal translation                                                                                                     4

12 Language exchange                                                                                                4

13 Imagination                                                                                                            5

14 Politeness                                                                                                              4

15 Paraphrase                                                                                                              4

16 Asking for help                                                                                                         4

 Rujukan: Normaliza Abd Rahim. (2019). Kajian wacana dan strategi komunikasi Teori dan aplikasi. Terengganu: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. 

 Kehadiran Minggu 5